Vocabulary/bardot
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|. y Reverse
Rank Infinity -- operates on x and y as a whole -- WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?
Rearranges the items of y in reverse order
|. i.6 5 4 3 2 1 0
y can be a matrix
] z=: 3 4 {. i.10 10 NB. sample noun
0 1 2 3
10 11 12 13
20 21 22 23
|.z NB. items are the rows of z
20 21 22 23
10 11 12 13
0 1 2 3
|."1 z NB. items of the rows are the numbers in each row
3 2 1 0
13 12 11 10
23 22 21 20
Common Uses
1. To put an array into reverse order so that u/\. can be applied
data =. 3 1 4 1 5 9 ((1 + [) * ])/\ data NB. start with 3, then add 1 to value calculated so far, multiply by the next number 3 4 32 40 400 4320 |. ((1 + ]) * [)/\. |. data NB. same computation in reverse order 3 4 20 21 110 999 data =. 1000 ?@$ 10 NB. A larger dataset 6!:2 '((1 + [) * ])/\ data' 0.311868 6!:2 '|. ((1 + ]) * [)/\. |. data' NB. reverse order is much faster 0.000484056
2. To find the inverse of a permutation in cycle form
]perm =: 2 4;5 0 3 +---+-----+ |2 4|5 0 3| +---+-----+ ]invperm =: |. each perm +---+-----+ |4 2|3 0 5| +---+-----+ invperm C. perm C. 'abcdef' NB. it is a true inverse abcdef
|.!.f y Shift Right 1
Rank Infinity -- operates on x and y as a whole -- WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?
The same as (_1 |.!.f y)
f is the fill atom you want to use (typically 0 or _ for numbers, ' ' for strings)
See below for an explanation, in section: Shift.
x |. y Rotate
x |.!.f y Shift
Rank 1 _ -- operates on lists of x and the entirety of y -- WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?
Rotates the items of y leftwards or upwards x positions. See below for Shift instead of Rotate.
- Rotation left or up by a negative amount is equivalent to a rotation right or down
- Rotating an array x positions means moving each item to a new position x places away
- Rotating left 1 moves each item into the location of the previous item, with item 0 moving into the last position
- Rotating right 1 moves each item into the location of the next item, with the last item moving into the position 0
- Rotation by more than one position is equivalent to repeated rotation by 1.
- Atoms of x apply to the axes of y in order.
2 |. i.6 NB. Rotate left 2 2 3 4 5 0 1 _1 |. i.6 NB. negative x -- other direction 5 0 1 2 3 4
y can be a matrix
] y=: 6 4 {. i.10 10
0 1 2 3
10 11 12 13
20 21 22 23
30 31 32 33
40 41 42 43
50 51 52 53
3 |. y
30 31 32 33
40 41 42 43
50 51 52 53
0 1 2 3
10 11 12 13
20 21 22 23
_1 |."1 y NB. Rotate each row separately
3 0 1 2
13 10 11 12
23 20 21 22
33 30 31 32
43 40 41 42
53 50 51 52
Shift:
Shifting an array resembles rotation, except that the positions at the end of the array are filled with the fill atom: f .
The items shifted out of the array are lost.
Contrast this with rotation, where the items shifted out of the array are brought in at the other end as fill (items).
To get shifting instead of rotation, use |. with Fit (Customize) (!.f) to yield the phrase |.!.f
f is the fill atom you want to use (typically 0 or _)
2 |.!._ i.6 NB. fill atom (f) is _ 2 3 4 5 _ _ |.!._ i.6 NB. Monad: |.!._ y (shift right 1) is same as Dyad: x |.!._ y with x=_1 _ 0 1 2 3 4 |.!._ i.6 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
In other words, items of y are shifted in the direction of increasing indices.
Common uses
1. Compare each atom in a list with the next atom, making 1 in each position where the next atom has a higher value
p =. 3 1 4 1 5 9 2 6 5 3 5 8 9 p > (|.!.0 p) 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
Details
1. The result of shift or rotate always has the same shape as y.
- Exception: if y is an atom and x is a list, the shape of y is extended with 1s to the length of x.
2. x may be a list, in which case the atoms of x give the rotate/shift amount for successive axes of y
]a =: 4 4 $ 'abcdefghijklmnop' abcd efgh ijkl mnop 1 _1 |. a NB. Rotate up 1, right 1 hefg lijk pmno dabc
3. If the fill atom f is empty, the standard fill based on the type of y will be used.