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Implementation Status |
initial writing: 1990-08-09 |
System Limits
Not Yet Available
Release 4.05 2000 09 05
Release 4.04 2000 01 02
Release 4.03 1999 04 21
Release 4.02 1998 11 07
Release 4.01 1998 03 22
Release 3.05 1997 09 27
Release 3.04 1997 05 19
Release 3.03 1996 12 13
Release 3.02 1996 06 24
Release 3.01 1996 01 16
Release 2.06 1995 05 30
Release 2.05 1995 02 26
Release 2.04 1994 11 28
Release 2.03 1994 09 21
Release 2.01 1994 09 01
Version 7.0 1993 11 14
Version 6.2 1992 12 20
Version 6.1 1992 11 26
Version 6.0 1992 10 24
Version 5.1a 1992 08 11
Version 5.1 1992 07 28
Version 5.0 1992 06 22
Version 4.2 1992 03 19
Version 4.1 1992 02 02
Version 4.0 1991 11 23
Version 3.4 1991 07 15
Version 3.3 1991 06 25
Version 3.2 1991 06 02
Version 3.1 1991 05 17
Version 3.0 1991 03 17
Version 2.9 1991 02 15
Version 2.8 1990 11 15
Version 2.7 1990 10 22
Version 2.0 1990 08 09
System Limits
Comparison tolerance <: 2^_34
Not Yet Available
_ incomplete __ incomplete _. incomplete c.
Changes in Release 4.05, 2000 09 05
< monad faster and less space |. monad faster and less space ; faster and less space -/ .* monad faster and less space <@}.;.n faster and less space <@}:;.n faster and less space #: i.@(*/) monad faster and less space 3!:1 implemented dyad 3!:2 extended 3!:3 implemented dyad 5!:7 implemented 6!:8 implemented 6!:9 implemented 6!:10 implemented 6!:11 implemented 6!:12 implemented 6!:13 implemented 9!:30 implemented 9!:31 implemented 9!:32 implemented 9!:33 implemented 13!:0 extended f/@, monad faster and less space ,./ monad faster and less space u/.!.t implemented /: faster \: faster [ faster and less space ] faster and less space a=: c}x,y,:z faster and less space u"r faster and less space A. dyad faster and less space i. faster dyad i: faster dyad memory mapped boxed arrays implemented
Changes in Release 4.04, 2000 01 02
$. implemented /: faster \: faster { dyad faster and less space (<"1@[ { ]) dyad faster and less space } dyad faster and less space C.!.2 implemented
Changes in Release 4.03, 1999 04 21
($,) dyad faster and less space ($,)"r dyad faster and less space n} dyad faster and less space 9!:26 implemented 9!:27 implemented 9!:28 implemented 9!:29 implemented
Changes in Release 4.02, 1998 11 07
-/ .* monad faster and less space #/. faster dyad 9!:22 implemented 9!:23 implemented {. implemented infinite left arguments for dyad i: implemented monad
Changes in Release 4.01, 1998 03 22
u;.3 faster and less space on matrices u;._3 faster and less space on matrices 6!:3 changed to accept fractions (Windows only) 13!:18 implemented 18!:0 implemented 18!:1 implemented 18!:2 implemented 18!:3 implemented 18!:4 implemented 18!:5 implemented 18!:55 implemented d. implemented E. implemented i: implemented p. extended # i.@# faster and less space on boolean lists
Changes in Release 3.05, 1997 09 27
;:^:_1 changed ^ !.s extended p.!.s extended 0!:11 changed to display errors in scripts 9!:24 implemented 9!:25 implemented 17!:n implemented {. changed overtake on empties ": extended to permit complex left arguments q: implemented (-x) q: y 1r2 changed
Changes in Release 3.04, 1997 05 19
'`a b c'=.gerund implemented gerund;.n implemented gerund/. implemented gerund\ implemented gerund\. implemented 9!:20 implemented 9!:21 implemented 13!:17 implemented valence error implemented for. do. end. implemented select. case. fcase. do. end. implemented
Changes in Release 3.03, 1996 12 13
'a b cd'=.y implemented 'a b cd'=:y implemented + etc. ranks of monads changed from _ to 0 %: faster monad ^ faster dyad ^. faster b&#^:_1 implemented b&#^:_1!.f implemented |: faster -/ .* faster monad : default result of i.0 0 5!:6 implemented 7!:3 implemented 7!:4 implemented 9!:18 implemented 9!:19 implemented 13!:16 implemented 16!:x implemented f"r faster monad <.@o. implemented on extended arguments >.@o. implemented on extended arguments p: faster error text extended to display current name
Changes in Release 3.02, 1996 06 24
+ +/ +/\ +/\. faster on integers * */ */\ */\. faster on integers - -/ -/\ -/\. faster on integers gerund^:_1 implemented ! implemented for complex arguments 0!:3 implemented 4!:5 implemented {:: implemented @ implemented special cases A. monad gives extended result i. faster dyad I. implemented o. domain restricted q: faster S: implemented x: implemented 1234x implemented
Changes in Release 3.01, 1996 01 16
scalar fns faster ^: changed; faster and less space $"r faster dyad |: faster , !.f implemented ,.!.f implemented ,:!.f implemented ; faster monad ;. faster and less space # dyad: faster and less space #: faster monad 9!:7 extended to accept matrices 9!:16 implemented 9!:17 implemented 13!:x extended to tacit defns 13!:3 extended to 'f* m:d', '*f m:d', and '~f m:d' 13!:9 implemented 13!:10 implemented 13!:11 implemented 13!:12 implemented 13!:14 implemented 13!:15 implemented f/ faster monad on scalar f ,.&.>/ faster monad /: extended to all arrays f/\ faster monad on scalar f f/\. faster monad \: extended to all arrays a=.x y}a faster and less space ". implemented dyad ": changed right rank; extended to boxed arrays; faster ?. implemented i. faster dyad L. implemented L: implemented m. implemented n. implemented u. implemented v. implemented Window driver changed
Changes in Release 2.06, 1995 05 30
<"r faster monad +. faster monad -: faster dyad -:"r faster dyad a&#.^:_1 changed */^:_1 implemented p:^:_1 implemented q:^:_1 implemented ~: faster monad ~:"r faster monad 4 : n implemented 13!:8 implemented /: faster /:"r faster \: faster \:"r faster ]: implemented f D. 1 extended gerund D. n implemented e. faster dyad e."r faster dyad H. implemented i. faster dyad i."r faster dyad p. implemented p: implemented q: implemented f t. extended gerund t. implemented t: implemented memory allocation faster Window driver and session manager ported to Macintosh
Changes in Release 2.05, 1995 02 26
f~"r faster |. faster dyad |."r faster dyad |.!.f faster dyad |.!.f"r faster dyad |: faster |:"r faster !^:_1 implemented n&!^:_1 implemented !&n^:_1 implemented #"r faster dyad 9!:10 implemented 9!:11 implemented 9!:12 implemented 9!:14 implemented ~:/ faster monad [\ faster dyad f/\ faster monad on booleans f/\"r faster monad f/\. faster monad f/\."r faster monad m&g"r faster f&n"r faster a: implemented
Changes in Release 2.04, 1994 11 28
> faster monad + faster dyad +/\ faster monad +/\. faster monad * faster dyad */\ faster monad */\. faster monad - faster -/\ faster monad -/\. faster monad -:"r faster dyad -:!.f"r faster dyad | faster monad |."r faster monad , faster ,"r faster ,. faster dyad ,."r faster monad ,:"r faster f;.0 faster monad f;.3 faster f;._3 faster 0!:k accepts string right argument 3!:1 supports boxed arrays 3!:2 supports boxed arrays 3!:3 supports boxed arrays 3!:4 implemented 3!:5 implemented 15!:k implemented f/"r faster monad ["r faster ]"r faster { faster on boxed left argument {"r faster dyad {."r faster {.!.f"r faster {:"r faster }."r faster }:"r faster p.!.s implemented scripts preserves blanks on input line general execution faster
Changes in Release 2.03, 1994 09 21
|: faster i{y faster u&.> faster
Changes in Release 2.01, 1994 09 01
<!.k removed monad >!.k removed monad u^:n faster for scalar n $. removed u~ faster |. changed left rank to 1 : changed numeric encoding control words implemented u;.3 implemented u;._3 implemented 0!:xyz implemented 0!:2 implemented 1!:0 implemented 1!:5 implemented 1!:6 implemented 1!:7 implemented 1!:20 implemented 1!:21 implemented 1!:22 implemented 1!:30 implemented 1!:31 implemented 1!:32 implemented 1!:55 changed to also work on directories 2!:0 moved from 0!:0 2!:1 moved from 0!:1 2!:55 moved from 0!:55 3!:2 changed to be inverse of 3!:1 and 3!:3 3!:3 implemented 4!:3 implemented 4!:4 implemented 4!:56 removed 5!:3 removed 5!:4 changed to use linear rep. for nouns 14!:k implemented +/b faster on boolean vectors -/b faster on boolean vectors ;/ faster monad b{y faster m} changed ". removed dyad ": faster; blanked out control chars in boxed display m@.n implemented i. faster dyad given names removed trains enhanced windows interface enhanced workspaces removed z locale implemented
Changes in Version 7.0, 1993 11 14
+. bug fix ^: changed [: added t. added T. added : changed 13!:n added locatives added command line changed error display changed
Changes in Version 6.2, 1992 12 20
u@n removed D. implemented
Changes in Version 6.1, 1992 11 26
% coerced -0 to 0 u^:g implemented !: changed C fn headers for derived fns 0!:2 fixed bugs in profile, Windows, rank n output 0!:3 ditto 0!:4 ditto 0!:5 ditto 2!:2 changed to use maximum precision 2!:3 ditto 4!:55 fixed bug in local names 4!:56 ditto g} implemented i. added support for non-standard MAC floating point formats source jt.h added fl (flag) field to struct V source r.c changed 5!:2 to exploit fl in V source rl.c changed 5!:5 to exploit fl in V source rt.c changed 5!:5 to exploit fl in V
Changes in Version 6.0, 1992 10 24
= faster monad -. faster dyad ~. faster ~: faster monad : 20 implemented : 21 implemented : 22 implemented u ::v implemented u;.n faster monad 0!:4 implemented 0!:5 implemented 4!:56 implemented 11!:0 implemented 11!:1 implemented u/. faster dyad /: faster \: faster u b. implemented e. faster i. faster input implemented 3r4, 3ad90, 3ar1.5708, 3p4, 3x4, 3b121.12
Changes in Version 5.1a, 1992 08 11
": fixed bug in ": on real arrays
Changes in Version 5.1, 1992 07 28
-. faster dyad on strings m :12 returns adverb if y. not in m 5!:5 implemented 9!:2 implemented 9!:3 implemented [: implemented ]: implemented u@n implemented m f. implemented x. y. replaced immediately by referent 2: to 9: implemented trains implemented c1 v c2 J added SYS_DOUBLE J added SYS_GETTOD
Changes in Version 5.0, 1992 06 22
<!.k implemented <. faster > faster >!._ implemented >. faster + faster dyad * faster dyad - faster -: faster %. faster ^ special case in dyad for integer y $ faster dyad ~: faster dyad f/ .g faster dyad +/ .* faster dyad , faster dyad ,. faster dyad # faster dyad #. faster #: faster; fixed bug (#:!.t) f/ faster f/\ faster monad f/\. faster monad {. faster dyad {.!.f implemented }. faster " faster; prefix agreement ? faster monad 5!:4 faster x 6!:2 y implemented
Changes in Version 4.2, 1992 03 19
input fixed bug in jgets() input numeric input (in w.c) more robust vz.c enhanced portability in zacosh() J PC386 available test scripts available
Changes in Version 4.1, 1992 02 02
u . v faster m&, invertible ,&m invertible m&}. invertible 1!:2 (Mac) file type set to TEXT 1!:3 (Mac) file type set to TEXT 1!:12 (Mac) file type set to TEXT ^!.p implemented J source made available
Changes in Version 4.0, 1991 11 23
_: implemented +.y implemented *.y implemented x-.y faster u^:_ implemented u^:_1 linear approximation u^:n dyad changed u^:v changed $: changed |: faster on matrices u .. v implemented u .: v implemented m : 11 string m only m : 12 implemented atom1,:atom2 produces 2 1$atom1,atom2 u/. dyad faster 0{atom returns atom u} changed; old defn is u@i.@}.@$} : (u@i.@$}) u"_ implemented `:1 replaced by u^:v `:4 replaced by m~ `:5 replaced by @. j. implemented r. implemented 4!:0 returns _1 on invalid arguments 5!:4 implemented 9!:10 removed 9!:11 removed )script replaced by 0!:2 )sscript replaced by 0!:3 )off replaced by 0!:55 and Ctrl D Archimedes ported to DECstation ported to MAC removed online dictionary
Changes in Version 3.4, 1991 07 15 (APL91 Version)
NB. implemented National Use Chars implemented (Appendix A of dictionary)
Changes in Version 3.3, 1991 06 25
,. ravel items / append items 0-frames corrected a-trains implemented c-trains implemented
Changes in Version 3.2, 1991 06 02
A. previously spelt @: C. previously spelt @. !. previously spelt &: ,. ravel items / append lists ; raze / link @. agenda @: at &: appose f. fix [. lev ]. dex m. removed n. removed s. removed proverbs dynamic reference 0!:1 documentation updated
Changes in Version 3.1, 1991 05 17
LinkJ m : 1 replaces 1 : m m : 2 replaces 2 : m m : 11 translate to tacit 1!:11 indexed file read 1!:12 indexed file write m. redefined n. redefined s. redefined u . v determinant
Changes in Version 3.0, 1991 03 17
[ previously spelt }: ] previously spelt {: . previously spelt .. ` previously spelt . `: previously spelt : : previously spelt :: +/\ invertible -/\ invertible */\ invertible %/\ invertible =/\ invertible ~:/\ invertible +/\. invertible -/\. invertible */\. invertible %/\. invertible =/\. invertible ~:/\. invertible ^~ invertible ,~ invertible ;~ invertible ,:~ invertible |.&:k shift b. boolean m. mean n. normalize s. standard deviation xyz: given names tab treated like space on input Mac resizeable Language Summary
Changes in Version 2.9, 1991 02 15
+: monad added *: monad added -: monad added ": dyad added 0: added 1: added m&g f&n faster :: labels adverbs n c, v c, c n, c v derive adverbs 2!:0 WS name class 2!:1 WS name list 2!:2 WS save 2!:4 WS copy 2!:55 WS erase 8!:9 (PC AT) Edit 8!:16 8!:17 (Mac) query/set font attributes 8!:19 (Mac) print screen Macintosh improved user interface PC AT improved user interface 386ix ported to SGI ported to
Changes in Version 2.8, 1990 11 15
": faster on boxed arrays display faster on boxed arrays 5!:0 string representation inverse 5!:3 string representation 8!:2 8!:3 removed (replaced by DOS facility) 8!:4 8!:5 set screen attributes 8!:7 refresh screen )clear removed (equivalent to 4!:55 (4!:1) 2 3 4 5 ) PC AT simplified session manager PC AT added command line parameter /s
Changes in Version 2.7, 1990 10 22
J code size reduced slightly alternatives for national use characters = faster monad -. faster dyad ~. faster ~: faster monad ,. faster ;: rhematic rules re . and : changed e. faster i. faster dyad . cum (gerund from verb) : con (verb from gerund) :: faster u"v rank (like u, but has ranks of v) u&.v under =. indirect local assignment =: indirect global assignment 3!:2 convert from internal representation 5!:0 fix 5!:1 atomic representation 8!:0 8!:1 query/set CGA mode 9!:0 9!:1 query/set random link 9!:4 9!:5 query/set prompt 9!:6 9!:7 query/set box drawing chars 9!:8 9!:9 query/set error msgs 9!:10 9!:11 query/set ) system command names )box removed )prompt removed )reset renamed )sic )rl removed )script profile facility added ATARI ST ported to tutorial faster
Version 2.0, 1990 08 09 (APL90 Version)